Gardiner, Alan (1927). Egyptian Grammar: Being An Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs (Thirded.). Oxford: Griffith Institute. p.503. ISBN 978-0900416354 . Retrieved 3 July 2022. The goddess was also often associated with rivers, reinforcing her fertility aspect and her responsibility for the abundance and fruitfulness of the lands. She’s very similar to another Celtic goddess, Brigid, and some believe that the two deities are the same. 4- Isis a b c d e f g h Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003). The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson. pp.166–167. ISBN 0-500-05120-8 . Retrieved 8 July 2022. . It is generally agreed that the cult of Athena preserves some aspects of the Proto-Indo-European transfunctional goddess. [27] [28] The cult of Athena may have also been influenced by those of Near Eastern warrior goddesses such as the East Semitic Ishtar and the Ugaritic Anat, [10] both of whom were often portrayed bearing arms. [12] Classical scholar Charles Penglase notes that Athena resembles Inanna in her role as a "terrifying warrior goddess" [29] and that both goddesses were closely linked with creation. [29] Athena's birth from the head of Zeus may be derived from the earlier Sumerian myth of Inanna's descent into and return from the Underworld. [30] [31]

Philo, a Hellenized Jew writing in Alexandria, attempted to harmonize Platonic philosophy and Jewish scripture. Also influenced by Stoic philosophical concepts, he used the Koine term lógos ( λόγος) for the role and function of Wisdom, a concept later adapted by the author of the Gospel of John in its opening verses and applied to Jesus as the Word ( Logos) of God the Father. [3] Throughout our journey into the world of Athena, we have been deeply moved by the many facets of this fascinating goddess. Her wisdom, prowess in war, and dedication to the arts have not only inspired us but also served as a reminder of the importance of balance and harmony in life. As we delved into her stories, we felt a profound connection with the heroes who sought her guidance and the city of Athens, which revered her as their patroness. We were particularly touched by her unwavering devotion to her friend Pallas, which highlights the significance of loyalty and remembrance.Throughout the course of the history of Greek mythology their have been many Greek goddesses. From the Olympian goddesses right down to the many minor goddesses. Greek goddess of the rainbow and messenger of the gods. She is also known as one of the goddesses of the sea and the sky. O'Collins, Gerald (2008). Salvation for All: God's Other Peoples. OUP Oxford. pp.54–63, 230–247. ISBN 978-0-19-923890-3. Kuznetsova, Olga B. "Saint Sophia the Wisdom of God, 27х31 sm, 2009". Iconpaint.ru. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03 . Retrieved 2012-08-30. One of the seven Pleiades (the daughters of Atlas and Pleione) and the wife of Oenomaus – although according to some accounts, she is his mother by Ares.

Following 1 Corinthians, the Church Fathers named Christ as "Wisdom of God". [7] Therefore, when rebutting claims about Christ's ignorance, Gregory of Nazianzus insisted that, inasmuch as he was divine, Christ knew everything: "How can he be ignorant of anything that is, when he is Wisdom, the maker of the worlds, who brings all things to fulfillment and recreates all things, who is the end of all that has come into being?". [8] Irenaeus represents another, minor patristic tradition which identified the Spirit of God, and not Christ himself, as "Wisdom". [9] He could appeal to Paul's teaching about wisdom being one of the gifts of the Holy Spirit ( 1 Corinthians 12:8). However, the majority applied to Christ the title/name of "Wisdom". There are also multiple fresco pieces that show her as a warrior. In one, she holds a shield in her hand and with two women nearby. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. In art and literature, Athena is usually depicted as a majestic lady, with a beautiful, but stern face, unsmiling full lips, grey eyes and a graceful build, emanating power and authority. She is always regally clad in either a chiton or a full armor. In the former case, she is sometimes represented with a spindle. In the latter case, she wears an elaborately crested Corinthian helmet and holds a long spear in one hand and an aegis in the other. Athena is a Greek goddess known as both Pallas and Athene. In ancient Greek mythology, they often associated her with both warfare and wisdom as well as handicraft, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, strategic warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, and skill.The palladium was a statue of Athena that was said to have stood in her temple on the Trojan Acropolis. [60] Athena was said to have carved the statue herself in the likeness of her dead friend Pallas. [60] The statue had special talisman-like properties [60] and it was thought that, as long as it was in the city, Troy could never fall. [60] When the Greeks captured Troy, Cassandra, the daughter of Priam, clung to the palladium for protection, [60] but Ajax the Lesser violently tore her away from it and dragged her over to the other captives. [60] Athena was infuriated by this violation of her protection. [61] Although Agamemnon attempted to placate her anger with sacrifices, Athena sent a storm at Cape Kaphereos to destroy almost the entire Greek fleet and scatter all of the surviving ships across the Aegean. [62] Glaukopis The owl of Athena, surrounded by an olive wreath. Reverse of an Athenian silver tetradrachm, c. 175 BC Pallas is a Greek word that has several different meanings. It can mean someone who holds and uses a weapon or a young woman. Legend says that Pallas was the close friend and adopted sister of Athena after Triton adopted her. Allegory of Wisdom and Strength is a painting by Paolo Veronese, created c. 1565 in Venice. It is a large-scale allegorical painting depicting Divine Wisdom personified on the left and Hercules, representing Strength and earthly concerns, on the right. Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). Snorri Sturluson: Edda. First published in 1987. London: Everyman. ISBN 0-460-87616-3 Athena was originally the Aegean goddess of the palace, who presided over household crafts and protected the king. [11] [12] [13] [14] A single Mycenaean Greek inscription 𐀀𐀲𐀙𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊 a-ta-na po-ti-ni-ja appears at Knossos in the Linear B tablets from the Late Minoan II-era "Room of the Chariot Tablets"; [15] [16] [10] these comprise the earliest Linear B archive anywhere. [15] Although Athana potnia is often translated as "Mistress Athena", it could also mean "the Potnia of Athana", or the Lady of Athens. [10] [17] However, any connection to the city of Athens in the Knossos inscription is uncertain. [18] A sign series a-ta-no-dju-wa-ja appears in the still undeciphered corpus of Linear A tablets, written in the unclassified Minoan language. [19] This could be connected with the Linear B Mycenaean expressions a-ta-na po-ti-ni-ja and di-u-ja or di-wi-ja ( Diwia, "of Zeus" or, possibly, related to a homonymous goddess), [15] resulting in a translation "Athena of Zeus" or "divine Athena". Similarly, in the Greek mythology and epic tradition, Athena figures as a daughter of Zeus ( Διός θυγάτηρ; cfr. Dyeus). [20] However, the inscription quoted seems to be very similar to " a-ta-nū-tī wa-ya", quoted as SY Za 1 by Jan Best. [20] Best translates the initial a-ta-nū-tī, which is recurrent in line beginnings, as "I have given". [20]